What does the term "bias-based profiling" refer to?

The term "bias-based profiling" refers specifically to law enforcement actions that are influenced by a person's characteristics, such as race, ethnicity, national origin, or other similar attributes. This practice occurs when officers make decisions about who to stop, search, or investigate based on these traits rather than on individual behavior or concrete evidence of illegal activity. The focus is on inherent biases and stereotypes, which can lead to discrimination and unfair treatment of individuals based solely on their demographic background rather than their actions.

Understanding bias-based profiling is essential in the context of law enforcement practices, as it raises significant ethical concerns and can undermine public trust in the police. It highlights the need for officers to rely on lawful and objective criteria in their work, ensuring that all individuals are treated equitably under the law. This awareness is crucial as law enforcement agencies strive to build community relations and maintain integrity within their operations.